1. unlimited authority
2. intermediate category 1/3
3. slight to moderate limitations
4. intermediate category 3/5
5. substantial limitations
6. intermediate category 5/7
7. executive parity or subordination
-999. NA
1. Parliamentary Monarchy
2. Presidential republic
3. Mixed executive
4. Monarchy
5. Military state
0. Severely restricted
1. Somewhat restricted
2. Unrestricted
0. Not independent
1. Partially independent
2. Generally independent
0. Restricted
1. Generally unrestricted
0. Government restrictions severe
1. Government restrictions moderate
2. Government restrictions practically absent
0. Yes
1. No
1. Yes, with strictly enforced sanctions
2. Yes, with weakly enforced sanctions
3. Yes, with limited enforcement
4. Yes, without sanction for violation
5. No compulsory voting
1. Module 1 (1996-2002)
2. Module 2 (2001-2006)
0. No autonomous regions
1. Autonomous regions
0. Lists not closed
1. Closed lists
0. D'Hondt not used
1. D'Hondt used
0. Proportional
1. Plurality
0. No plurality used
1. Plurality used
0. No PR used
1. PR used
0. Direct presidential
1. Strong president elected by assembly
2. Parliamentary
1. Mannheim Trend File
2. Standard Eurobarometer
3. CCEB (Candidate Countries Eurobarometer)
4. CEEB (Central and Eastern Eurobarometer Trend File)
5. Mannheim Trend File and Standard Eurobarometer
6. Standard Eurobarometer and CCEB
1. Majoritarian
2. Combined
3. Proportional
4. No competitive elections
1. Module 1 (2002-2003)
2. Module 2 (2004-2006)
3. Module 3 (2006-2007)
4. Module 4 (2008-2009)
0. No local elections
1. Legislature locally elected
2. Legislature and executive locally elected
0. Non-unitary
1. Unitary
0. confident
1. tentative
2. tenuous
0. no overt fragmentation
1. slight fragmentation <10%
2. moderate fragmentation 10-25%
3. serious fragmentation >25%
2. Proportional
3. Multi-tier
4. Mixed
3. Mixed
0. Dictatorship
1. Parliamentary Democracy
2. Mixed Democracy
3. Presidential Democracy
2. Absolute majority
3. Qualified majority
4. Electoral college
5. Single transferable vote (STV)
0. Democracy
1. Dictatorship
0. No runoff
1. Runoff
1. single party government
2. minimal winning coalition
3. surplus coalition
4. single party minority
5. multi party minority
6. caretaker government
7. other
1. hegemony of right-wings parties
2. dominance of right-wing (and center) parties
3. patt between left and right parties
4. dominance of social-democratic and other left parties
5. hegemony of social-democratic and other left parties
0. Presidential
1. Semi-Presidential
0. Majoritarian or Preferential vote
1. Mixed-member majority or Bloque vote
2. Closed-list-PR
1. Eastern Europe and post Soviet Union
2. Latin America
3. North Africa & the Middle East
4. Sub-Saharan Africa
5. Western Europe and North America
6. East Asia
7. South-East Asia
8. South Asia
9. The Pacific
10. The Caribbean
0. No or very weak second chamber
1. Weak bicameralism
2. Strong bicameralism
0. Proportional representation
1. Modified proportional representation
2. Single member, simple plurality systems
0. Not federal
1. Weak federalism
2. Strong federalism
0. None or infrequent referenda
1. Frequent referenda
0. No judicial review
1. Judicial review
0. Parliamentary system
1. President or collegial executive
1. Appointed
2. Elected
1. Direct public vote
2. Legislature
3. Party
4. Indirect public vote
5. Appointed
2. Majority
3. Proportional representation
4. Mixed system
1. No authority
2. One chamber's approval
3. Both chambers' approval
1. One
2. Two
3. More than two
2. Confederation
3. Federal
1. Legislature
2. Executive
3. Legislature and executive
4. General public
5. Court itself
888. Indirect
1. Role of Government I (1985-1986)
2. Social Inequality I (1987-1988)
3. Work Orientations I (1989)
4. Role of Government II (1990-1991)
5. Religion I (1990-1991)
6. Social Inequality II (1991-1993)
7. Environment I (1992-1994)
8. Role of Government III (1995-1998)
9. Religion II (1998-1999)
10. Social Inequality III (1998-2001)
11. Environment II (2000-2001)
12. Citizenship (2003-2006)
13. Role of Government IV (2005-2008)
0. Judicial decisions not source of law
1. Judicial decisions source of law
0. No review
1. Limited review
2. Full review
0. Less than six years
1. More than six years but not lifelong
2. Lifelong
0. Male leader
1. Female leader
2. Absolute maj
3. Qualified maj
4. Limited vote
5. Alternative vote
6. SNTV
7. Modified Borda
1. Coexistence, indep.
2. Superposition, indep.
3. Fusion, indep.
4. Correction, dep.
5. Conditional, dep.
1. Linked
2. Unlinked
0. not applicable
1. repressed
2. suppressed
3. factional
4. transitional
5. competitive
1. unregulated
2. multiple identity
3. sectarian
4. restricted
5. regulated
1. Hare
2. Droop
3. Imperiali
4. Reinforced Imperiali
5. Modified Hare
6. d'Hondt
7. Saint-Lague
8. Modified Saint-Lague
9. STV
0. No federal structure
1. Federal structure
0. Not a presidential regim
1. Presidential regime
1. collapse of central authority
1. Wave 1 (1981-1984)
2. Wave 2 (1989-1993)
3. Wave 3 (1995-1998)
4. Wave 4 (1999-2001)
5. Wave 5 (2004-2008)
0. unregulated
1. selection
2. dual/transitional
3. election
1. closed
2. dual executive-designation
3. dual executive-election
4. open
2. designational/transitional
3. regulated