1. unregulated
2. designational/transitional
3. regulated
0. unregulated
1. closed
2. dual executive-designation
3. dual executive-election
4. open
1. selection
2. dual/transitional
3. election
1. Wave 1 (1981-1984)
2. Wave 2 (1989-1993)
3. Wave 3 (1995-1998)
4. Wave 4 (1999-2001)
5. Wave 5 (2004-2008)
1. collapse of central authority
0. Not a presidential regim
1. Presidential regime
0. No federal structure
1. Federal structure
1. Hare
2. Droop
3. Imperiali
4. Reinforced Imperiali
5. Modified Hare
6. d'Hondt
7. Saint-Lague
8. Modified Saint-Lague
9. STV
2. multiple identity
3. sectarian
4. restricted
5. regulated
0. not applicable
1. repressed
2. suppressed
3. factional
4. transitional
5. competitive
1. Linked
2. Unlinked
1. Coexistence, indep.
2. Superposition, indep.
3. Fusion, indep.
4. Correction, dep.
5. Conditional, dep.
1. Plurality
2. Absolute maj
3. Qualified maj
4. Limited vote
5. Alternative vote
6. SNTV
7. Modified Borda
0. Male leader
1. Female leader
1. Role of Government I (1985-1986)
2. Social Inequality I (1987-1988)
3. Work Orientations I (1989)
4. Role of Government II (1990-1991)
5. Religion I (1990-1991)
6. Social Inequality II (1991-1993)
7. Environment I (1992-1994)
8. Role of Government III (1995-1998)
9. Religion II (1998-1999)
10. Social Inequality III (1998-2001)
11. Environment II (2000-2001)
12. Citizenship (2003-2006)
13. Role of Government IV (2005-2008)
888. Indirect
1. Legislature
2. Executive
3. Legislature and executive
4. General public
5. Court itself
1. Unitary
2. Confederation
3. Federal
1. One
2. Two
3. More than two
1. No authority
2. One chamber's approval
3. Both chambers' approval
2. Majority
3. Proportional representation
4. Mixed system
1. Direct public vote
2. Legislature
3. Party
4. Indirect public vote
5. Appointed
1. Appointed
2. Elected
0. Parliamentary system
1. President or collegial executive
0. No judicial review
1. Judicial review
0. None or infrequent referenda
1. Frequent referenda
0. Not federal
1. Weak federalism
2. Strong federalism
0. Proportional representation
1. Modified proportional representation
2. Single member, simple plurality systems
0. No or very weak second chamber
1. Weak bicameralism
2. Strong bicameralism
1. Eastern Europe and post Soviet Union
2. Latin America
3. North Africa & the Middle East
4. Sub-Saharan Africa
5. Western Europe and North America
6. East Asia
7. South-East Asia
8. South Asia
9. The Pacific
10. The Caribbean
0. Majoritarian or Preferential vote
1. Mixed-member majority or Bloque vote
2. Closed-list-PR
0. Presidential
1. Semi-Presidential
2. Parliamentary
1. hegemony of right-wings parties
2. dominance of right-wing (and center) parties
3. patt between left and right parties
4. dominance of social-democratic and other left parties
5. hegemony of social-democratic and other left parties
1. single party government
2. minimal winning coalition
3. surplus coalition
4. single party minority
5. multi party minority
6. caretaker government
7. other
0. No runoff
1. Runoff
0. Democracy
1. Dictatorship
2. Absolute majority
3. Qualified majority
4. Electoral college
5. Single transferable vote (STV)
0. Dictatorship
1. Parliamentary Democracy
2. Mixed Democracy
3. Presidential Democracy
1. Majoritarian
2. Proportional
3. Mixed
3. Multi-tier
4. Mixed
0. no overt fragmentation
1. slight fragmentation <10%
2. moderate fragmentation 10-25%
3. serious fragmentation >25%
0. confident
1. tentative
2. tenuous
0. Non-unitary
0. No local elections
1. Legislature locally elected
2. Legislature and executive locally elected
1. Module 1 (2002-2003)
2. Module 2 (2004-2006)
3. Module 3 (2006-2007)
4. Module 4 (2008-2009)
2. Combined
3. Proportional
4. No competitive elections
1. Mannheim Trend File
2. Standard Eurobarometer
3. CCEB (Candidate Countries Eurobarometer)
4. CEEB (Central and Eastern Eurobarometer Trend File)
5. Mannheim Trend File and Standard Eurobarometer
6. Standard Eurobarometer and CCEB
0. Direct presidential
1. Strong president elected by assembly
0. Proportional
0. No PR used
1. PR used
0. No plurality used
1. Plurality used
0. D'Hondt not used
1. D'Hondt used
0. Lists not closed
1. Closed lists
0. No autonomous regions
1. Autonomous regions
1. Module 1 (1996-2002)
2. Module 2 (2001-2006)
1. Yes, with strictly enforced sanctions
2. Yes, with weakly enforced sanctions
3. Yes, with limited enforcement
4. Yes, without sanction for violation
5. No compulsory voting
0. Yes
1. No
0. Government restrictions severe
1. Government restrictions moderate
2. Government restrictions practically absent
0. Restricted
1. Generally unrestricted
0. Not independent
1. Partially independent
2. Generally independent
0. Severely restricted
1. Somewhat restricted
2. Unrestricted
1. Parliamentary Monarchy
2. Presidential republic
3. Mixed executive
4. Monarchy
5. Military state
-999. NA
1. unlimited authority
2. intermediate category 1/3
3. slight to moderate limitations
4. intermediate category 3/5
5. substantial limitations
6. intermediate category 5/7
7. executive parity or subordination